Precast Concrete

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Definition: Concrete cast elsewhere than its final position.- ACI Concrete Terminology

Precast concrete is reinforced concrete constructed by industrialized methods. It is characterized by dividing the building into components, which are manufactured in a precast concrete plant and transported by special transportation equipment to the site. Precasting reduces construction time because the manufacturing of the elements is carried out beforehand. Precast concrete is reinforced with either reinforcing bars, strands with high tensile strength, or a combination of both.

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The concept of precast (also known as "prefabricated") construction includes those buildings where the majority of structural components are standardized and produced in plants in a location away from the building, and then transported to the site for assembly. These components are manufactured by industrial methods based on mass production to build a large number of buildings quickly and at a low cost.

The main features of this construction process are as follows:

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• The division and specialization of the human workforce
• The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, usually automated, in the production of standard, interchangeable parts and products

This type of construction requires a restructuring of the entire conventional construction process to enable interaction between the design phase and production planning. This helps to improve and speed up the construction process. One of the key premises for achieving that objective is to design buildings with a regular configuration in plan and elevation. Urban residential buildings of this type are usually five to ten stories high (see Figures 1 and 2).

Many countries used various precast building systems during the second half of the 20th century to provide low-income housing for the growing urban population. They were especially popular after World War II, particularly in Eastern European countries and former Soviet Union republics. In the former Soviet Union, different precast building systems are denoted as "Seria," whereas in Romania, they are known as "Secțiunea."

In general, precast building systems are more economical when compared to conventional multifamily residential construction (apartment buildings) in many countries.

Further Introductory Reading: "Precast Concrete Construction"
(Svetlana Brzev, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Teresa Guevara-Perez, Architect)

Download: ENGLISH [0.6MB]

Contents:
-Categories (Large-Panel, Frame, Slab-Column with Shear Walls, Mixed)
-Earthquake Performance
-Seismic-Strengthening

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