What are the bad side effects of phosphatidylserine?

Author: becky

May. 13, 2024

Phosphatidylserine: What It Is, Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

Understanding Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine is a lipid substance that encapsulates the nerve cells in your brain, facilitating their communication. This supplement is popular for its potential role in enhancing cognitive abilities and memory, particularly as individuals age, by supporting cellular communication and optimizing glucose metabolism.

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With the natural levels of phosphatidylserine reducing as we grow older, supplementation becomes a choice for some to boost the phosphatidylserine concentration in their brain.

Phospholipids: Foundation of Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine belongs to the family of phospholipids, which are essential for constructing cell membranes in the brain, thus protecting the internal components of the cell from the external environment.

Phospholipids are lipid molecules that incorporate the mineral phosphorus. Phosphorus is a crucial element for the health of your bones, teeth, and genetic material (DNA).

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Exploring the Benefits of Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine, as a dietary supplement, purports to enhance:

  • Memory retention.
  • Overall cognitive performance.
  • Focus and attention span.
  • Alleviation of stress.
  • Quality of sleep.

Moreover, it claims to address symptoms associated with:

  • Lipid imbalances linked to ADHD.
  • Depression and anxiety disorders.
  • Alzheimer’s disease.

While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not sanctioned phosphatidylserine for treating any medical ailment, it has affirmed that phosphatidylserine sourced from fish, soy lecithin, and sunflowers is generally considered safe (GRAS).

Phosphatidylserine for Anxiety: What You Should Know

It is suggested that phosphatidylserine aids in mitigating anxiety by reducing stress, stabilizing mood, and fostering relaxation. This supplement is believed to manage anxiety by maintaining cortisol levels, a hormone pivotal in stress response. However, it remains unapproved by the FDA as a treatment for anxiety.

Sources of Phosphatidylserine in Food

Phosphatidylserine is naturally present in a variety of foods, including:

  • Soybeans.
  • Fish.
  • Eggs.
  • Animal organs such as liver (chicken or beef).

Commercial phosphatidylserine supplements are typically derived from:

  • Fish.
  • Soy.
  • Sunflowers.
  • Cabbage.

Earlier formulations of these supplements included animal products such as cow’s brain (bovine cortex), but this practice was discontinued due to emerging safety concerns.

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Amaducci, L. Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: results of a multicenter study. Psychopharmacol.Bull. 1988;24(1):130-134. View abstract.

Emmelot, P. and Van Hoeven, R. P. Phospholipid unsaturation and plasma membrane organization. Chem Phys.Lipids 1975;14(3):236-246. View abstract.

Gatti, C., Cantelmi, M. G., Brunetti, M., Gaiti, A., Calderini, G., and Teolato, S. Effect of chronic treatment with phosphatidyl serine on phospholipase A1 and A2 activities in different brain areas of 4 month and 24 month old rats. Farmaco Sci. 1985;40(7):493-500. View abstract.

Gindin, J., Novikov, M., Kedar, D., Walter-Ginzburg, A., Naor, S., and Levi, S. The effect of plant phosphatidylserine on age-associated memory impairment and mood in the functioning elderly. Geriatric Institute for Education and Research and Dept of Geriatrics; Kaplan Hospital; Rehovot, Israel 1995;

Jager, R., Purpura, M., Geiss, K. R., Weiss, M., Baumeister, J., Amatulli, F., Schroder, L., and Herwegen, H. The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance. J Int Soc.Sports Nutr 2007;4(1):23. View abstract.

Kidd, P. M. Phosphatidylserine; Membrane nutrient for memory. A clinical and mechanistic assessment. Altern Med Rev 1996;1:70-84.

Monteverde, A., Gnemmi, P., Rossi, F., Monteverde, A., and Finali, G. C. Selegiline in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. Clin.Ther 1990;12(4):315-322. View abstract.

Nerozzi, D., Aceti, F., Melia, E., Magnani, A., Marino, R., Genovesi, G., Amalfitano, M., Cozza, G., Murgiano, S., De, Giorgis G., and . [Phosphatidylserine and memory disorders in the aged]. Clin.Ter. 3-15-1987;120(5):399-404. View abstract.

Palmieri, G., Palmieri, R., Inzoli, MR Lombardi G., Sottini, C., Tavolato, B., and Giometto, B. Double-blind controlled trial of phosphatidylserine in patients with senile mental deterioration. Clin Trials J 1987;24:73-83.

Pepping, J. Phosphatidylserine. Am J Health Syst.Pharm. 10-15-1999;56(20):2038, 2043-2038, 2044. View abstract.

Ransmayr, G., Plorer, S., Gerstenbrand, F., and Bauer, G. Double-blind placebocontrolled trial of phosphatidylserine in elderly patients with arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Clin Trials J 1987;24:62-72.

Rosadini, G., Sannita, W. G., Nobili, F., and Cenacchi, T. Phosphatidylserine: quantitative EEG effects in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychobiology 1990;24(1):42-48. View abstract.

Starks, M. A., Starks, S. L., Kingsley, M., Purpura, M., and Jager, R. The effects of phosphatidylserine on endocrine response to moderate intensity exercise. J Int Soc.Sports Nutr 2008;5:11. View abstract.

Vakhapova, V., Cohen, T., Richter, Y., Herzog, Y., and Korczyn, A. D. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty acids may improve memory abilities in non-demented elderly with memory complaints: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dement.Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010;29(5):467-474. View abstract.

Villardita, J. C., Grioli, S., Salmeri, G., Nicoletti, F., and Pennisi, G. Multicenter clinical trial of brain phosphatidylserine in elderly patiens with intellectual deterioration. Clin Trials J 1987;24:84-93.

Amaducci L. Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: results of a multicenter study. Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24:130-4.

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Benton D, Donohoe RT, Sillance B, Nabb S. The influence of phosphatidylserine supplementation on mood and heart rate when faced with an acute stressor. Nutr Neurosci 2001;4:169-78. View abstract.

Blokland A, Honig W, Brouns F, Jolles J. Cognition-enhancing properties of subchronic phosphatidylserine (PS) treatment in middle-aged rats: comparison of bovine cortex PS with egg PS and soybean PS. Nutrition 1999;15:778-83. View abstract.

Bruton A, Nauman J, Hanes D, Gard M, Senders A. Phosphatidylserine for the treatment of pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2021;27(4):312-322. View abstract.

Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, et al. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging (Milano) 1993;5:123-33. View abstract.

Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 1992;28:61-6. View abstract.

Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 1991;41:644-9. View abstract.

Delwaide PJ, Gyselynck-Mambourg AM, Hurlet A, Ylieff M. Double-blind, randomized, controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand 1986;73:136-40. View abstract.

Engel RR, Satzger W, Gunther W, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1992;2:149-55. View abstract.

Fahey TD, Pearl MS. The hormonal and perceptive effects of phosphatidylserine administration during two weeks of resistive exercise-induced overtraining. Biol Sport 1998;15:135-44.

FDA. Qualified Health Claim: Final Decision Letter - Phosphatidylserine and Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia. May 2003. Available at: https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114183737/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072999.htm. Accessed on March 18, 2020.

Funfgeld EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res 1989;317:1235-46. View abstract.

Heiss WD, Kessler J, Mielke R, et al. Long-term effects of phosphatidylserine, pyritinol, and cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease. A neuropsychological, EEG, and PET investigation. Dementia 1994;5:88-98. View abstract.

Hirayama S, Terasawa K, Rabeler R, et al. The effect of phosphatidylserine administration on memory and

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