Weatherstripping

Process of sealing doors, windows, etc. against the elements

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Weatherstripping is the process of sealing openings such as doors, windows, and trunks from the waters above. The term can also refer to the materials used to carry out such sealing processes. The goal of weatherstripping is to prevent rain and water from entering entirely or partially and accomplishes this by either returning or rerouting water. A secondary goal of weatherstripping is to keep interior air in, thus saving energy on heating and air conditioning.

Automotive

Purpose

Automotive weatherstripping is used extensively aboard automobiles, and can be found anywhere the interior compartment must be sealed from the environment. It must be functional and cohesive with the body design of the vehicle. In addition to factors standard to weatherstripping, additional factors must be considered for vehicles, specifically in the engineering of the parts. For example, the weatherstripping must function the same while the vehicle is parked and at full speed; be flexible to accommodate motion vibrations; endure extreme temperatures of hot and cold; withstand long periods of sun exposure; and resist automotive liquids such as oil, gasoline, and windshield washer fluid (methanol). Weatherstripping also plays a part in maintaining satisfactory ride quality in the vehicle, being partially responsible for sealing noise out from the passenger compartment.

Automobile flex when going over bumps, and vibrations cause relative motions between the relatively fixed body and movable parts like doors, windows, and sunroofs. This movement could allow water in the vehicle so the weatherstrip must compensate by filling the gap. Furthermore, this relative movement can cause noises such as squeaks, rattles, and creaks to be heard within the vehicle.

Considering a standard four-door vehicle, the doors require 20 feet (6.1 meters) or more of material per door, windows require upwards of 10 feet (3.0 meters), and trunks require large amounts.

Automotive weatherstripping can fail because of age or use.[1] Poorly performing weatherstripping should be reported to the car dealership if the vehicle is under warranty, as fixes may be known.

Materials

Automotive weatherstripping is commonly made of EPDM rubber, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) mix of plastic and rubber, and a thermoplastic olefin (TPO) polymer/filler blend. Sunroof weatherstripping can also be made from silicone due to the extreme heat encountered by automobile roofs.

Buildings

Overview

Weatherstripping around openings &#; especially doors and windows &#; is used in buildings to keep out weather, increase interior comfort, lower utility bills,[2] and reduce noise. Builder weatherstripping can be made from felt;[3] vinyl, rubber, or poly foam;[2][3] EPDM cellular rubber and vinyl tubing;[4] and metals such as brass and aluminum.[5]

Doors

Every exterior door, or door to an uninsulated room such as an attic, must be weatherstripped as required by building codes in various jurisdictions. The materials used in door weatherstripping are thresholds, a piece of material (either a sweep or a J-hook) to match the door to the threshold, and the actual weatherstripping itself. Doors can usually be divided into private homes and commercial properties. Some of these doors receive custom weatherstripping at the factory.

Pre-weatherstripped doors for private homes are usually made of fiberglass or a similar material and are shipped from the factory weatherstripped. The doors have a kerf in the door stop so that a foam, rubber, or vinyl strip can be placed inside for the door to rest against when closed. These doors also have the threshold &#; usually a molded piece of plastic &#; nailed to the frame in the factory. These units are not difficult to install and require only very little skill.

Custom weatherstripping, compared to pre-weatherstripped units, requires much more time and is considered to be a specialized skill. Weatherstrippers install a threshold, cut the door and install a sweep or J-hook to the bottom of the door, and nail spring-steel bronze into the doorjamb to seal the gap.

Door weatherstripping is critical for thermal comfort and the overall energy efficiency of any building, particularly in Zero Energy and Passive House building projects for cold climates.

Low-energy buildings require special doors with special weatherstripping standards, based on the alignment of the threshold and jamb gasketing, multiple weatherstripping, and special seals - including special silicone or synthetic rubber seals, but also compression and steel magnetic weatherstrips.

Windows

Weatherstripping can be used on windows to seal them on all sides. Metal caps on the window top[5] and on sashes[2] redirect rain to drip off instead of infiltrating. Foam or gasket weatherstripping can be applied to the sides and sashes.[6]

Other uses

Weatherstripping is also used on boats, to seal passenger and cargo areas from the elements.

References

Sealing gaps around doors and windows with weatherstripping can make your home feel warmer and save you a bundle on your energy bills. However, choosing the right type can be overwhelming.

Our guide explains the different types of weatherstripping, helps you select the right materials, and provides proper installation techniques to keep your home cozy all year round.

Benefits of Weatherstripping

Weather sealing acts as a barrier against drafts, moisture, dust, and noise, helping to maintain a consistent indoor temperature and improve overall energy efficiency. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, air sealing doors and windows can reduce heating and cooling costs by more than 20%. Beyond the financial benefits, weatherstripping enhances your home&#;s comfort with these improvements:

• Eliminates drafts and cold spots
• Maintains consistent indoor temperatures
• Prevents moisture and pest intrusion
• Reduces outside noise penetration

These benefits not only make your living space more enjoyable but also contribute to a healthier indoor environment by reducing allergens and pollutants that might otherwise enter through gaps and cracks.

Types of Weatherstripping Materials

Several weatherstripping materials are available, each with its own advantages and applications. Here&#;s a breakdown of the most common weatherstripping options and the best ways to use them.

V Strip (or Tension Seal)

V strip, also known as tension seal, is a durable plastic or metal strip folded into a &#;V&#; shape that springs open to bridge gaps. This type of weatherstripping is highly effective and long-lasting, making it a popular choice for many homeowners. It&#;s ideal for sealing the sides of double-hung and sliding windows, as well as the tops and sides of doors. 

Felt

Felt weatherstripping is sold in rolls and is one of the most economical options available. It can be plain or reinforced with a pliable metal strip for added durability. While inexpensive, felt typically has a shorter lifespan compared to other materials, usually lasting only a year or two. This weatherstripping is ideal for sealing the sides of double-hung and sliding windows, as well as the tops and sides of doors.

Foam Tape

Foam tape is made from open or closed-cell foam or EPDM rubber with an adhesive backing. This versatile weatherstripping is available in various widths and thicknesses, making it ideal for sealing irregular-sized cracks, particularly in window sashes and door frames.

Tubular 

Tubular weatherstripping is an effective air barrier made of rubber, vinyl, or silicone. It often features narrow sponge rubber or vinyl tubing attached to a wood or metal mounting strip. Silicone versions are typically inserted into milled grooves for a seamless appearance. This option works well in high-use areas like door bottoms and window sashes that require a durable, flexible seal.

Factors To Consider When Choosing Weatherstripping

Selecting the right weatherstripping material for your upgrading helps ensure the best performance and longevity. Consider factors such as location, frequency of use, and climate to make the best choice. 

• Appearance: Some weatherstripping options are more visible than others, so consider the appearance if it&#;s a concern.
• Climate: Choose weatherstripping that can withstand your local weather conditions, such as extreme temperatures or high humidity.
• Cost: Balance your budget with the long-term effectiveness and durability of the material.
• Durability: High-traffic areas like main entry doors require more robust materials like V strips or tubular rubber.
• Ease of installation: Consider your DIY skills and the tools you have available when selecting a weatherstripping type.

How To Install Weatherstripping

Depending on the extent of their project, many homeowners can complete weatherstripping in just one weekend. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to weatherstrip your home.

• Chosen weatherstripping material
• Cleaning supplies (to prepare surfaces)
• Hammer and finishing nails (for some types of weatherstripping)
• Measuring tape
• Screwdriver (if using screw-in weatherstripping)
• Utility knife or scissors

Step-by-Step Installation Process

1. Clean the surface: Ensure the area where you&#;ll apply the weatherstripping is clean, dry, and free of old adhesive or debris.
2. Measure carefully: Measure the length of the gap you need to seal and cut your weatherstripping accordingly, allowing a little extra for a snug fit.
3. Test fit: Before removing any adhesive backing or securing the weatherstripping, test fit it to ensure proper placement and length.
4. Install the weatherstripping: Follow the specific installation instructions for your chosen weatherstripping type. For adhesive-backed options, peel and stick carefully. For nail-in types, use finishing nails every few inches to secure.
5. Check for proper operation: After installation, open and close the door or window several times to ensure smooth operation and a proper seal.

Weatherstripping Doors

Doors are one of the most common sources of drafts in homes. Learning to weatherstrip your doors can significantly reduce energy loss by sealing door gaps. You can achieve this by adding door sweeps to the bottom or upgrading seals on the sides and top of doors. The guide below provides instructions on how to complete each task.

Installing Door Sweeps

1. Measure the width of your door.

2. Cut the door sweep to fit if necessary.

3. Position the sweep against the bottom of the door, ensuring it makes contact with the threshold.

4. Mark screw holes and pre-drill if needed.

5. Secure the sweep with screws, making sure it doesn&#;t interfere with door operation.

Sealing Door Sides and Top

1. Measure the top and sides of the door frame.
2. Cut weatherstripping to fit, allowing a little extra length.
3. For adhesive-backed types, peel and stick along the door stop.
4. For nail-in types, secure with finishing nails every few inches.
5. Test the door to ensure it closes smoothly and creates a tight seal.

Weatherstripping Windows

Depending on the type of window installed, different weatherstripping techniques are needed. Here is an overview of how to weatherstrip double-hung and sliding windows.

Double-Hung Windows

For double-hung windows, focus on sealing the areas where the sashes meet the frame and each other.

1. Clean the window frame and sashes thoroughly.
2. Apply V strip or foam tape along the sides of the frame where the sashes slide.
3. Use tubular weatherstripping or V strip along the meeting rail where the sashes come together.
4. Install foam tape along the bottom of the lower sash and the top of the upper sash.

Sliding Windows

Sliding windows require a slightly different approach.

1. Clean the tracks and frame thoroughly.
2. Apply V strip or tubular weatherstripping along the vertical edges where the window meets the frame.
3. Use pile weatherstripping in the tracks to reduce friction while maintaining a seal.
4. Install a brush seal at the interlocking meeting stiles for a tight closure.

Weatherstripping for Older Homes

Older homes present specific challenges for weatherstripping due to their historic windows and doors. These older windows and doors often have irregular shapes, worn wood, and delicate components that make it difficult to use standard weatherstripping solutions. Additionally, it&#;s crucial to preserve the original appearance to maintain the home&#;s historic integrity. Here are some weatherstripping tips specific to older homes. 

• Choose materials that complement the door&#;s finish and hardware.
• Consider spring bronze weatherstripping for a period-appropriate solution that&#;s also effective.
• Consult with a preservation specialist for guidance on appropriate materials and techniques for your specific home.
• For windows, combine weatherstripping with interior storm windows to improve efficiency without altering the exterior appearance.
• Use low-profile weatherstripping that won&#;t detract from the original appearance.

Seasonal Considerations for Weatherstripping

Weatherstripping needs can vary with the seasons, and taking a proactive approach can help maintain your home&#;s efficiency year-round.

Summer Preparations

• Check for any weatherstripping damaged by winter conditions.
• Clean and inspect window tracks and door thresholds.
• Consider removable weatherstripping for windows you plan to open frequently.
• Ensure attic hatches and AC unit openings are properly sealed.

Winter Weatherproofing

• Add extra insulation to north-facing doors and windows.
• Install storm doors and windows for additional protection.
• Replace any worn weatherstripping before cold weather sets in.
• Use temporary weatherstripping solutions for rarely used entrances.

Troubleshooting Common Weatherstripping Issues

Even with careful installation, you may encounter some issues with your weatherstripping over time. Here are some common problems and solutions:

Gaps and Drafts

If you notice persistent drafts after installation, take these steps:

• Check for proper compression when the door or window is closed.
• Ensure the weatherstripping is the correct size for the gap.
• Look for any missed areas that need additional sealing.
• Consider using a combination of weatherstripping types for a more complete seal.

Sticking Doors or Windows

If doors or windows become difficult to open or close after weatherstripping, do this:

• Verify that the weatherstripping isn&#;t too thick for the available space.
• Adjust the placement to reduce friction while maintaining a seal.
• For doors, check if the hinges need adjustment to accommodate the new weatherstripping.
• Consider using a silicone spray lubricant on the weatherstripping to reduce sticking.

DIY vs. Professional Weatherstripping Installation

Most homeowners can do basic weatherstripping on their own. However, professional installation may be worth the investment for complex situations or historic homes.

Professional weatherstripping offers several advantages, including expert material selection, efficient and precise application, and often a warranty on the work performed. Professionals bring specialized knowledge to ensure the right type of weatherstripping is used for each area of your home, maximizing energy efficiency.

This option typically comes with a higher upfront cost compared to DIY methods. Additionally, you may have less flexibility in scheduling the work and less hands-on involvement in the process, which some homeowners prefer.

Weatherstripping Maintenance Tips

Properly maintaining your weatherstripping can extend its lifespan and ensure it stays effective. Below are some tips on caring for your weatherstripping and recognizing when it&#;s time for a replacement. 

Cleaning and Care Tips

• Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage or energy loss.
• Avoid using harsh chemicals that can degrade the material.
• Inspect weatherstripping annually and after extreme weather events.
• Lubricate moving parts of doors and windows to reduce wear on weatherstripping.
• Regularly clean weatherstripping with mild soap and water to remove dirt and debris.

Signs It&#;s Time for Replacement

• Difficulty opening or closing doors and windows
• Increased drafts or energy bills
• Cracking or brittleness in the weatherstripping material
• Visible light around door and window edges when closed
• Visible wear, tears, or compression

Our Conclusion

Proper weatherstripping reduces your energy costs and makes your home more comfortable and eco-friendly. Keep in mind that weatherstripping requires ongoing maintenance. Regular inspections and timely replacements will ensure your home remains well-sealed against the elements for years to come.

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