The Difference between OLED and TFT Displays

OLED is one of the hottest concepts in the current display industry, and OLED itself has many advantages. For another concept in the real industry - TFT, perhaps not so many people know about it. Today EXSON, an LCD display module manufacturer, will introduce the difference between OLED and TFT. Through the comparison of the two, we can enhance our understanding of the two.

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1. Introduction to OLED and TFT

TFT (Thin Film Transistor) screen is a very mainstream display device at present. Each liquid crystal pixel on the TFT display is driven by a thin film transistor integrated behind the pixel; Each independent pixel on the screen is controlled, and the TFT display has the advantages of high responsiveness, high brightness, and high contrast.

OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is an organic light-emitting diode. OLED uses a very thin coating of organic materials and a glass substrate (or flexible organic substrate). When a current passes through, these organic materials will emit light. The OLED display is driven by an electric field, and the organic semiconductor material and the light-emitting material are injected and recombined to realize light emission.

It can be known that OLED is a bigger concept than TFT, because TFT is an improved version of LCD, and screens based on OLED technology include AMOLED, Super AMOLED, ASV and so on.

2. The difference between OLED and TFT displays

The essential difference between OLED and TFT is that OLED has self-luminous characteristics and can be displayed without a backlight panel, while TFT still needs to use backlight technology.

OLED has the advantages of self-luminescence, wide viewing angle and high response speed. The response speed of LCD will be greatly reduced at low temperature, while the operating temperature range of OLED can be between -40°C and 85°C, which is less affected by temperature and has better adaptability.

In terms of technology, the technology of OLED devices is easier than that of LCDs. In addition, OLEDs are self-illuminating, do not require backlight modules and color filters, and also eliminate the liquid crystal perfusion process of general LCD TFT display panel. Therefore, in addition to reducing material costs, The weight of the display can also be significantly reduced. Since OLED can simplify the panel structure, the light utilization efficiency is also higher.

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OLED has many characteristics, such as light and thin, low energy consumption, high brightness, good luminous rate, and can be bent. The OLED screen has a wide viewing angle, high brightness, and bright colors. Many high-end mobile phones now use OLED screens.

The response time of TFT is faster than that of OLED; and the life of TFT screen is much longer than that of OLED screen. In theory, the life of OLCD screen is about times; while the life of TFT screen is about times.

OLED screens can display images by relying on their own characteristics to emit light, do not need a backlight source, and are not affected by ambient light; OLED true color screens are superior to TFT screens in terms of backlighting and brightness. Moreover, OLED screens are relatively more power-efficient.

TFT screens are active-matrix liquid crystals that need the brightness of the backlight to display images. TFT screens are affected by ambient light; therefore, TFT screens consume more power.

When the overall specifications of OLED technology are standardized and the industry chain is mature, the LCD display module prices of portable products that are extremely sensitive to power will be extremely competitive.

Many ask themselves, "What is the difference between an LCD display and a TFT-display?" or "What is the difference between a TFT and an OLED display?". Here are these 3 sometimes extremely different display technologies briefly explained. LCD vs. TFT vs. OLED (comparison).

- The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a passive display technology. The operation and the structure are described above. Passive means that an LCD can only darken or let out light. So it always depends on ambient light or a backlight. This can be an advantage because the power consumption of a LCD display is very, very low. Sometimes even less than the accumulated power consumption of an E-paper display, which in static operation requires absolutely no energy to maintain the content. To change the contents, however, a relatively large amount of power is required for an E-paper display.
LCDs can also be reflective, so they reflect incident light and are therefore legible even at maximum brightness (sunlight, surgical lighting). Compared to TFT and also OLED, they have an unbeatable advantage in terms of readability and power consumption :; the "formula" is: Sunlight = LCD.

- A TFT-display (of Thin-Film Transistor) is usually a color display (RGB). From the construction and the technology it corresponds to the LCD. It is also passive, so it needs a backlight. This is in any case necessary except for a few, very expensive constructions. However, a TFT needs much more light than the monochrome relatives, because the additional structures on the glass as well as the additional color filters "swallow" light. So TFTs are not particularly energy-efficient, but can display in color and at the same time the resolution is much higher.
An advantage is certainly the much shorter response time for changing or moving images.

- OLED displays (by Organic-Light-Emitting-Diode) are as the name implies active displays - every pixel or sign generates light. This achieves an extremely wide viewing angle and high contrast values. The power consumption is dependent on the display content. Here OLEDs to TFTs and LCDs differ significantly, which have a nearly constant power consumption even with different display contents. Unfortunately, the efficiency of converting the electric current into light energy is still very poor. This means that the power consumption of OLEDs with normal content is sometimes higher than that of a TFT with the same size. Colored OLEDs are increasingly used in consumer devices, but for the industry, due to their availability and lifetime, currently only monochrome displays are suitable (usually in yellow color).
In the reaction time, the OLEDs beat each TFT and LCD by worlds. Trise and Tfall are about 10μs, which would correspond to a theoretical refresh rate of 50,000 Hz. Possibly an advantage in very special applications.

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