Aug. 13, 2024
Product Name: Molybdenum Plate
Link to YOUBO
CAS #: -98-7
Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development
Supplier details:
Stanford Advanced Materials
:
: (949) 407-
Address: Birtcher Dr., Lake Forest, CA U.S.A.
Classification of the substance or mixture
Classification according to Regulation (EC) No /
The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP
regulation.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive /45/EC
N/A
Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:
No data available
Hazards not otherwise classified
No data available
Label elements
Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No /
N/A
Hazard pictograms
N/A
Signal word
N/A
Hazard statements
N/A
WHMIS classificationNot controlled
Classification system
HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)
(Hazardous Materials Identification System)
HEALTH
FIRE
REACTIVITY
0
0
0
Health (acute effects) = 0
Flammability = 0
Physical Hazard = 0
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: N/A
vPvB: N/A
Substances
CAS No. / Substance Name:
-98-7 Molybdenum
Identification number(s):
EC number: 231-107-2
Description of first aid measures
General information
No special measures required.
If inhaled:
Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.
In case of skin contact:
Generally the product does not irritate the skin.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.
If swallowed:
If symptoms persist consult doctor.
Information for doctor
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
No data available
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:
Molybdenum oxides
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment:
No special measures required.
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Not required.
Environmental precautions:
Do not allow product to enter drains, sewage systems, or other water courses.
Do not allow material to penetrate the ground or soil.
Methods and materials for containment and cleanup:
Pick up mechanically.
Prevention of secondary hazards:
No special measures required.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.
Handling
Precautions for safe handling
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No special measures required.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Do not store together with acids.
Store away from oxidizing agents.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well-sealed containers.
Specific end use(s)
No data available
Additional information about design of technical systems:
No further data; see section 7.
Control parametersComponents with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace: -98-7 Molybdenum
(100.0%)
PEL (USA) Long-term value: 5* 15** mg/m
3
as Mo;*soluble compds., **insol.compds.:total dust
TLV (USA) Long-term value: 10* 3** mg/m
3
as Mo; *inhalable fraction ** respirable fraction
EL (Canada) Long-term value: 3* 10** mg/m
3
as Mo; *respirable **inhalable
EV (Canada) Long-term value: 10* 3** 0.5*** mg/m
3
metal,insol.compd.:*inh;**resp;sol.compd.:***resp
Additional information: No data
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment
Follow typical protective and hygienic practices for handling chemicals.
Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.
Breathing equipment: Not required.
Recommended filter device for short term use:
Use a respirator with type N95 (USA) or PE (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
Risk assessment should be performed to determine if air-purifying respirators are appropriate. Only
use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.
Protection of hands: Not required.
Material of gloves
Nitrile rubber, NBR
Penetration time of glove material (in minutes) 480
Glove thickness 0.11 mm
Eye protection: Safety glasses
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance:
Form: Solid in various forms
Color: Dark grey
Odor: No data available
Odor threshold: No data available.
pH: N/A
Melting point/Melting range: °C ( °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: °C ( °F)
Sublimation temperature / start: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available.
Ignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Autoignition: No data available.
Danger of explosion: No data available.
Explosion limits:
Lower: No data available
Upper: No data available
Vapor pressure: N/A
Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 10.22 g/cm
3
(85.286 lbs/gal)
Relative density: No data available.
Vapor density: N/A
Evaporation rate: N/A
Solubility in Water (H
2
Want more information on Molybdenum Plate Suppliers? Feel free to contact us.
O): No data available
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available.Viscosity:
Dynamic: N/A
Kinematic: N/A
Other information
No data available
Reactivity
No data available
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
Reacts with strong oxidizing agents
Conditions to avoid
No data available
Incompatible materials:
Acids
Oxidizing agents
Hazardous decomposition products:
Molybdenum oxides
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this
substance.
LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data
Skin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation
Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Germ cell mutagenicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains mutation data for this
substance.
Carcinogenicity:
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC,
NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
Reproductive toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive data for this
substance.
Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.
Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.
Aspiration hazard: No effects known.
Subacute to chronic toxicity:
The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for
this substance.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.Carcinogenic categories
OSHA-Ca (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)
Substance is not listed.
Toxicity
Aquatic toxicity:
No data available
Persistence and degradability
No data available
Bioaccumulative potential
No data available
Mobility in soil
No data available
Additional ecological information:
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach groundwater, water courses, or sewage
systems.
Avoid transfer into the environment.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: N/A
vPvB: N/A
Other adverse effects
No data available
Waste treatment methods
Recommendation
Consult official regulations to ensure proper disposal.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
UN-Number
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
N/A
UN proper shipping name
DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA
N/A
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA
Class
N/A
Packing group
DOT, IMDG, IATA
N/A
Environmental hazards:N/A
Special precautions for user
N/A
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code
N/A
Transport/Additional information:
DOT
Marine Pollutant (DOT):
No
Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
National regulations
All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic
Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.
All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)
Substance is not listed.
California Proposition 65
Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female
Substance is not listed.
Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male
Substance is not listed.
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations
Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. /.
Substance is not listed.
The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No
/ (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.
Substance is not listed.
Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)
Substance is not listed.
REACH - Pre-registered substances
Substance is listed.
Chemical safety assessment:
A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.
Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. / (REACH). The above information is
believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The
information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the
product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the
properties of the product.
GENERAL
Molybdenum (Mo), molybdenum lanthanum oxide (ML) and molybdenum TZM alloys can be machined by all of the common metal machining processes. No special equipment or procedures are required to produce parts with accurate dimensions and excellent finishes. Molybdenum may be machined to achieve simple to very complex, intricate components and parts.
TOOLS
The choice between high-speed steel and sintered carbide (C2 Grade) depends largely on production quantities. In either case, tool life is shorter than would be expected with steel because molybdenum is considerably more abrasive than steel at the same hardness, and molybdenum has a tendency to chip while being machined. High-speed steels are generally used for small quantities or for roughing cuts on uneven surfaces. The preferred carbide grades are the C2 types recommended for cast iron. Work should be firmly chucked; tools sharp and well supported; machines should be rigid, sufficiently powerful, and free from backlash.
LUBRICANTS
Many types of machining are done without lubrication; but cutting fluids may be used to extend tool life, increase cutting speeds, remove heat from the tool and work-piece, and remove fine molybdenum particles that wear the cutting edges of tools. When a lubricant is used, various high-chlorinated oils and solvents have proved satisfactory.
Soluble oils are very effective in hacksaw and band saw cutting operations, but not effective for turning, drilling, reaming, or tapping. Sulfur-base oils and highly chlorinated cutting oils are very effective in drilling, tapping, or thread chasing; and some machinist use these oils for finishing cuts in lathe operations to yield a smooth bright surface. Highly chlorinated cutting oils are most effective in reaming operations. Sulfur-base cutting oils cannot be used in machining electronic parts because of their deleterious effect on final properties.
SAWING & SHEARING
Molybdenum saws readily with high-speed steel band or hacksaws. The practice is similar to what normally is used on superalloys and no coolant is necessary, but use of a soluble oil coolant in the hacksaw or band saw cut will remove chips and lengthen blade life. High-speed steel blades with only the tooth area hardened are the most effective. Hand hacksawing is suitable for light gages only. On power hacksaws, cutting rates are about 80 strokes/min at 0.004 in. feed. With band saw equipment, 100 FPM with a 6-tooth blade at a pressure setting of 2 ½. About 1/8&#; is generally allowed for the kerf and 3/16 in. for camber on heavier sections. Flat patterns and formed molybdenum sheet sections can be cut on a band saw with a fine-tooth blade at very high speeds.
Abrasive cut-off wheels may also be employed. Wheel recommendations are indicated under grinding. Flame cutting, on the other hand, produces a very irregular edge.
Slitting and shearing may be done at room temperature for gages up to 0.025 in.; heavier sections should be heated to about 400/° F. Shearing is feasible on sections up to about 1/8 in. thickness or diameter. Shearing camber can normally be held to about 1/8 in. in five feet (on 3/32 in. sheet); heavier sections, however, will show considerable drag.
Sections over 3/8 in. thickness or diameter should be edge machined on a shaper or milling machine rather than sheared. Machining should be done along the edge rather than across. It may be desirable to hold between steel plates during machining to avoid chipping the edges.
TURNING
Previous studies indicated that a positive side rake angle in the range of 20/25° was essential; and other recommendations included a lead angle of 0° or slightly positive, relief angles of 7°, nose radii of 0.031/0.062 in., and honing all edges of the cutting tool at approximately 45° to the rake angles to give a 0.003/0.005 in. flat on cutting edge. A tough grade of straight tungsten carbide was found best with feeds of 0.005/0.010 iPro, while a general-purpose, C2 carbide grade could be used successfully on lighter finishing operations to obtain longer tool life.
Chlorinated oil and sulfur-base cutting oil can be used. If lubricants are not used, tool wear will be excessive. Sulfur-base oils cannot be used for machining electronic parts.
SPEED (SFPM)FEED (IPR)DEPTH OF CUT, in. RoughingHigh Speed Steel45/750./0..125/0.250 C2 Carbide175/.003/0..050/0.125 FinishingC2 Carbide400/.005/0..003/0.015
MILLING & SHAPING
Milling and shaping are preferably done with C2 carbide grade tools of the design normally used for cast iron. Where production quantities make it desirable to use high- speed steel, shaping is preferred to milling, as sharper tools with a generous positive rake last longer and are easier to regrind.
Face milling is effective for machining plane surfaces on molybdenum parts. Face milling cutters designed for machining cast iron with carbide tipped cutters are preferred and soluble cutting fluids are essential for economic tool life.
SPEED (SFPM)FEED (IPR)DEPTH OF CUT, in. Rough MillingC2 Carbide110/.003/0.005*0.050/0.010 Finish MillingC2 Carbide300/.003/0.005*0.050/0.060 ShapingC2 Carbide25/500.003/0..005/0.060 *per tooth chip load
*per tooth chip load
DRILLING, REAMING & THREADING
In drilling, two-lipped carbide drills are generally used. Cutting oil should be used for all drilling, reaming, tapping, or threading operations. When high-speed or carbide-tipped drills are used, the fact that molybdenum has a lower coefficient of expansion than steel makes it particularly important to keep the drills sharp and cool. It is worthwhile to regrind frequently to avoid difficulty and delay from binding. Special precautions are necessary with deep holes (more than three times the drill diameter) because of the abrasive molybdenum chips. These precautions may involve carbide wear strips along the shank, relieving the drill, feeding the drill from below or use of pressurized coolant.
Reaming is difficult and tool life is very low compared to that obtained in machining heat-treated, low-alloy steel.
Threading can be done in various ways. Thread cutting with a single tool, grinding and roll threading are perhaps the most satisfactory. Die threading is not recommended, and tapping is not as easy as threading with a single-point tool. Coarse threads are preferred over fine threads, as very fine threads have a tendency to break. When coarse threads are developed, the depth of the thread needs to be only about 75% that normally cut in steel. For roll threading, the molybdenum should be heated to about 300° F.
SPEED (SFPM)FEED (IPR) RoughingHigh-Speed Steel25/.003/0.005 C2 Carbide40/.005 ReamingHigh-Speed Steel15/200.003/0.010 C2 Carbide20/300.003/0.007 TappingHigh-Speed Steel15/20-- C2 Carbide20/30-- Screw CuttingHigh-Speed Steel30/400.003/0.005 C2 CarbideNot recommended
SPECIAL MACHINING METHODS
Most special methods can be applied to molybdenum. Holes 1/8 in. diameter by 12 in. long can be electrical discharge machined (EDM) using brass electrodes and machining from both ends. Holes, 7 to microns in diameter, have been made in molybdenum by micromachining with &#;virtual electrode&#; in a 10% potassium-hydroxide electrolyte. Electron-beam machining (EBM) is also applicable for holes in this size range.
GRINDING, BUFFING & HONING
Molybdenum is relatively easy to grind with conventional machinery and practices to any degree of finish and tolerance desired. It is important to use sharply dressed wheels with generous amounts of coolant since localized overheating can produce cracks in the surface of molybdenum. Soluble oils in emulsions of 1:40 to 1:60 are typically recommended.
The following grinding procedures are suggested as starting points; necessary changes, if any, will be evident from the results obtained in preliminary work.
OPERATIONSURFACESURFACECYLINDRICALCYLINDRICAL Type of GrindDryWetWet or DryWet Wheel Speed (surface FPM) Infeed (in./pass)0.... Work Speed (surface FPM)---- Table Speed (FPM)/3*1/6* Cross Feed (in./stroke)0..032---- Finish (micro in., RMS)*Width of wheel face/revolution of work
Consult your tool manufacturer or local distributor for the most current grinding, buffing, and honing models available. Tool manufacturers include Iscar, Kennametal Inc., Sandvik Coromant, etc.
ELECTROPOLISHING & PHOTO ETCHING
Molybdenum can be electropolished in a number of different solutions. Commercially the two most common solutions are a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid or straight sulfuric acid. The first solution requires a much higher current density than the latter but also gives a better finish. Both baths are used at room temperature with molybdenum as the anode.
Photo etching of molybdenum is readily done by conventional means. The unexposed portion is etched either chemically or electrolytically. It is possible to make parts too intricate or complicated for die stamping by this method with absolute uniformity of all parts and remarkably close tolerances. Generally, photo etching is limited to sheet thickness from 0.001 to 0.010 in., with the minimum hole or mesh size never less than the thickness of the sheet.
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