How Does a Pipe Flange Work in a Plumbing System?

What Does a Pipe Flange Do in Plumbing?

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If you've got customers asking you why you need a pipe flange in a particular location, you might be wondering what the right answers are to their questions.  Fortunately, we've collected the details so that you don't need to - you can just point them to this post.  In this post, we'll talk about what a pipe flange is, the different types, where they tend to be located, whether they're considered fittings, and how to select the right pipe flange for your application.

What is a Pipe Flange?

Used to connect pipe sections, flange faces bolt together to create a strong, watertight connection that will hold up well under high temperature or high pressure applications. It creates a much stronger joint than simply using a coupler or other pipe fittings to connect two pieces of threaded pipe, such as fitted iron pipe systems.

However, there is a wide range of different flange types, designed to meet a range of disparate plumbing standard sections, such as ASME B16.47 or ASME B16.5. One common feature is bolt holes in the flange facing, which allow the flange to be securely fastened to the surrounding material. In the next section, we'll discuss different types of pipe flanges that you may encounter.  Pipe flanges also come in several alloys some of which include:  stainless steel, brass, chrome-plated brass, copper & carbon.

What Are the Different Pipe Flange Types?

• Weld Neck Flange - As the most commonly-used flange in process piping, a weld neck flange provides the highest joint integrity, because the butt weld that is created with the piece protruding from the raised face provides a strong bond. However, it can be bulky and cumbersome compared to other flange types, but is also available as a long welding neck flange.
• Slip On Flange - A slip on flange matches the outer diameter of the pipe, with two locations for fillet welding to create a strong bond. With a moderate cost, it's typically used for low-pressure and temperature applications.
• Ductile Iron Backup Flange - Often used in high pressure settings, typically between 150 and 250 PSI, a ductile iron backup flange is a relatively simple flange. It features a flat flange facing paired with a beveled edge at the center hole.
• Threaded Flange - Typically used in utilities as well as in lower temperature and pressure applications for air and water, a threaded flange has a National Pipe Thread female connection and is available in thread sizes up to 4", providing a relatively inexpensive option for a number of situations.
• Socket Weld Flange - Also used in lower temperature and pressure ranges, the socket weld flange has a stopping point, from which the pipe is pulled back slightly to allow for expansion. The pipe can then be welded around its circumference to the face of the flange.
• Lap Joint Flange - If tight spaces and an expectation of frequent dismantling is a possible issue, a lap joint flange is a decent option. Consisting of two separate pieces, a ring with bolt holes and a stub that can be welded to the pipe a short distance from the ring, the butt weld created is stronger, while the stub allows the pipe to be turned while welding.
• Blind Flange - Sometimes used as manhole covers for vessels, a blind flange has no hole for air or gas to pass through. It's also commonly used to end runs of pipe, effectively isolating the run from other systems.
• Swivel Flange - Designed to speed up installation, a swivel flange makes it easy to align bolt holes on a pair of flanges. Because the flange is able to swivel around the circumference of the pipe, it can easily be moved to match a welded flange's bolt positioning.
• Expanding Flange - When a pipe needs to change to a larger size, an expanding flange provides an effective way of managing the change. It features a widening stub that the larger pipe can be joined to, making it a popular choice for retrofit projects.
• Reducing Flange - When there needs to be a change in the side of the pipe to a smaller pipe, a reducing flange has a tapered raised face for a butt weld. Providing an economical way to reduce pipe size at a particular point, they're used in a range of applications.
• Nipoflange/Weldoflange/Elboflange/Latroflange - Most commonly used in high-pressure situations, these types of specialty flanges create a unique nipple that protrudes markedly from the flange facing. Its installation requires fewer welds, while still maintaining superior strength.
• Plate Flange - An economical alternative to heavier ANSI flanges.  Plate flanges are suitable for low pressure, less critical applications.  They have a serrated surface to enhance sealing properties.  There are several types of plate flanges:  blind, tube OD slip-on, IPS slip-on bevel x square and IPS slip-on square x square.

Where are Pipe Flanges Located?

Generally speaking, a pipe flange is located at points where regular disassembly, maintenance, or cleaning will be taking place. This can include making it possible to bolt pipe systems directly to equipment, fittings, or other features quickly, easily, and securely.

Are Pipe Flanges Considered Fittings?

Pipe flanges are considered a very popular type of fitting in plumbing systems, and are often used when pipes are used for non-plumbing systems as well, such as railings, racks, and similar applications. However, they often provide an additional level of security to the fitting, because the bolt holes allow the fitting to be secured to the surrounding structure.

How Do I Choose the Right Pipe Flange?

Pipe fittings will vary based on your application. However, by having a better grasp of how pipe flanges work, you'll be able to answer your customers' questions much more easily, improving their confidence in your ability to do the job they've hired you for. If you're looking for expert advice, contact Merit today for more details.  

STILL HAVE QUESTIONS?

SOURCES INCLUDE:

https://hardhatengineer.com/types-flanges-used-piping 

https://www.unifiedalloys.com/blog/flanges-101 

https://www.apiint.com/resource-center/introduction-to-flanges 

https://www.punchlistzero.com/swivel-flange 

5/4/ 9:05:56 PM

In industrial machinery and pipelines, a crucial component often goes unnoticed but plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of various systems. It&#;s ANSI flanges.

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These unassuming circular plates with holes might not catch your eye initially, but they are essential for smooth operation in various applications.

From preventing leaks to connecting intricate networks, ANSI flanges are the hidden gems of the engineering world. If you&#;re unfamiliar with the ANSI flange and its applications, continue to read this blog. It has explained everything one should know about ANSI Flanges.

What Are ANSI Flanges?

Imagine you&#;re building a complex plumbing system or an extensive network of pipes for transporting fluids or gases. Now, think about the points where these pipes need to connect or where they change direction. It is where ANSI flanges come into use. They combine two pipe pieces or equipment. The design of the ANSI flange offers a secure and robust connection and allows easy access and maintenance.

ANSI flanges are standardized connectors adhering to specific dimensions and design principles laid out by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Anatomy of an ANSI Flange

ANSI flanges are available in numerous sizes and styles, depending on the application they are required. To comprehend the workings of ANSI flanges, you must know about its anatomy first.

An ANSI flange consists of several essential components:

• Flange Face: This is the flange&#;s flat surface that comes into contact with the connecting flange. It provides a stable and even surface for the connection.
• Bore: The central hole in the flange is called the bore. This is where the fluid or gas will flow through, so it needs to be aligned precisely with the pipes&#; openings.
• Bolt Holes: These are the holes surrounding the bore. Bolts pass through these holes to secure the flanges together, creating a tight and reliable connection.
• Raised Face (RF) or Flat Face (FF): Depending on the type of connection required, ANSI flanges can have either a raised face, which helps create a better seal or a flat face for applications where sealing is less critical.
• Gasket: A gasket is a compressible material between the flange faces to ensure a tight seal. It prevents leakage of fluids or gases from the connection point.
• Bolts and Nuts: Bolts secure the flanges together, and nuts are tightened on the bolts to create the necessary clamping force.

The Working Principle of ANSI Flanges

You must be wondering how these simple components work together. The principle behind ANSI flanges lies in their ability to create a secure, leak-free connection while accommodating movement, expansion, and contraction due to temperature changes or other factors.

When connecting two pipes, you need to bring their respective ANSI flanges together with a gasket between them. Then, bolts are inserted through the bolt holes and secured with nuts. As you tighten the nuts, the flange faces are pressed against the gasket, compressing it.

This compression creates a seal that prevents fluids or gases from escaping the joint. However, what makes ANSI flanges genuinely remarkable is their adaptability.

The bolts&#; flexibility and the gasket&#;s compressibility allow for movement and misalignment between the pipes.

It is crucial when pipes may shift due to temperature changes or vibrations. The ANSI flange system can absorb these movements without compromising the integrity of the connection.

Applications of ANSI Flanges

Here are the various industries where ANSI Flanges  are helpful:

Oil and Gas Industry:

In this industry, pipes help to transport dangerous liquids from one place to another. No one can take the risk of leakage because it can cause environmental disasters. ANSI flanges prevent leakage and provide a secure and reliable connection.

Chemical Processing:

 The chemical industry relies on ANSI flanges to maintain the integrity of pipelines carrying corrosive substances. The adaptability of ANSI flanges accommodates the expansion and contraction of materials exposed to different chemical reactions.

Power Generation:

Power plants use ANSI flanges in piping systems that transport steam or high-pressure fluids.

Water Treatment:

Water treatment plants use ANSI flanges to connect pipes carrying treated water, chemicals, or wastewater. ANSI flanges provide strong connections and ensure seamless liquid flow.

Construction and Infrastructure:

From HVAC systems in buildings to municipal water supply networks, ANSI flanges are the go-to solution for connecting pipes securely and preventing potential leaks.

Shipbuilding:

Ships rely on ANSI flanges for their plumbing systems, which must withstand the harsh marine environment and the constant motion of the vessel.

How to Choose the Right Size & Type of ANSI Flange For Your Project?

Choosing the right size of ANSI flanges is challenging. You must keep their installation and performance in mind. Also, here are some other vital points that can help you choose the right size

• First, determine the pipe size by measuring the outside diameter of the size. It will help choose the right size of ANSI flange.
• Check out the pressure rating of your project and then look for ANSI flang with the same pressure rating. Pressure rating means ANSI flanges can withstand particular pressure. Usually, ANSI flangs are available between 150 to pressure ratings.
• Choose a variety of materials for ANSI flanges. You can get them in carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel.
• Choose a facing type appropriate for your project&#;s application. ANSI flanges are generally available in raised face (RF), flat face (FF), and ring-type joint (RTJ).
• Choose the flange type that suits your project requirements. Various types of ANSI flanges are available, such as slip-on, weld neck, threaded, blind, and lap joint.
• Always check ANSI flange dimensions to ensure compatibility with the pipe and fittings. You can measure the flange, bolt circle, and bolt hole diameter.

Conclusion

Though they might not receive the spotlight, ANSI flanges are undeniably essential components in the complex web of industrial systems. When the pipe fitting demands precision, ANSI flanges emerge as the critical component that connects efficiently.

It&#;s the adaptability that lends ANSI flanges their entrancing quality. So, the next time you encounter these unassuming circular plates, you&#;ll know that there&#;s much more than meets the eye behind their unassuming facade.

If you want to learn more, please visit our website Flange Supplier.